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The Visual Cognition Assessment Tool
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Vis-CAT 
The Visual Cognition Assessment Tool
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What is a Visual Processing Disorder

 Visual Processing Disorder (VPD) is a condition where the brain has trouble interpreting visual information. Children with VPD may struggle with activities like copying shapes or letters, recognising differences in shapes or letters, or reversing letters. 


There are 8 Main types of VPD Impacting Children

Visual Discrimination Issues

 Difficulty seeing differences between similar shapes, letters, or objects. 

Figure-Ground Discrimination Issues

 Trouble separating an object or letter from its background.

Visual Sequencing Issues

 Difficulty keeping shapes or letters in order; may skip or re-read lines.

Visual-Motor Processing Issues

Struggles with using visual information to move accurately, like writing on lines or avoiding obstacles. 

Visual Memory Issues

 Hard time recalling shapes, symbols, or objects, affecting reading and spelling. 

Visual-Spatial Issues

 Trouble understanding object placement or orientation. 

Visual Closure Issues

Difficulty identifying objects when parts are missing. 

Letter and Symbol Reversal Issues

May switch letters/numbers, like confusing "b" with "d." 

What to do if you notice the Signs

  • Take Notes
    Keep a record of any signs you notice to discuss with teachers or specialists.
  • Speak with Your Child’s Teacher
    Ask if they've observed similar difficulties and if this impacts learning or social development.
  • Request an Evaluation
    Rule out vision/eye issues with an eye exam. If vision/eyes are fine, ask for an assessment of visual processing skills.
  • Trust Your Gut
    As a parent, advocate for your child if you feel something is amiss, even others don’t see it.


If Your Child is Diagnosed with VPD

  • Find a Specialist
    Seek an expert in visual processing to help with effective strategies. A Develomental Paediatrician, Psychologist, Developmental/Paediatric Optometrist and Paediatric Occupational Therapist can help with further assessments and support.
  • Request Classroom Accommodations
    Work with teachers to find supportive options like larger-print books, alternative whiteboard & visual materials.
  • Create an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
    Ensure the school has a plan with necessary accommodations to support your child’s learning.

Myth and Facts

Myth: Vision issues are the same as VPD.

Fact: VPD affects how the brain processes visual information, even when a child has perfect vision. 

Myth: Kids can outgrow VPD.

Fact: VPD is a lifelong condition, but children can be supported effectively with early intervention programs.

Myth: There’s only one type of VPD.

Fact: VPD includes several different types of processing difficulties. 

Myth: VPD and dyslexia are the same.

Fact: Dyslexia affects letter-sound connections, while VPD impacts visual processing skills. 

Myth: Smart kids don’t have VPD.

Fact: Children with VPD can be very successful with the right support and strategies. 


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